Speaking at the annual convocation of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay in August this year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi warned that societies — and, by implication, educational systems — that did not innovate stagnated. The IITs have long been India’s best-known and best-regarded institutions of excellence, which is presumably why the prime minister chose the IIT-B convocation as the location for this exhortation. But the lesson is one that the IITs may already have taken to heart, as a series of special reports in this newspaper has shown. It is clear that a new agenda that puts research