Achieving the “1-1-1” target — producing 1 kg of green hydrogen at a cost of $1 within one decade — as articulated by Reliance Industries (RIL) Chairman Mukesh Ambani at the Climate Conference last week will be a game-changer for the energy mix. It will substantially reduce the carbon footprint and have a favourable impact on the trade balance. But the engineering problems associated with 1-1-1 are formidable. There are challenges of scale, challenges in adopting many new technologies, and challenges in working out distribution chains and storage systems. If those are met, there would be a big payoff, given