Pakistan wanted to be constitutionally communal, but has begun to secularise. India wanted to be secular, but has communalised itself. Both nations share a penal code given to them by Macaulay a century and a half ago, but they have amended some laws to enable the State to target minorities. This is today happening in India and is something that Pakistan went through and is now exiting.
At Independence, Pakistan integrated religion into law because it felt this would lend a positive impulse to the nation. Explaining this, Pakistan’s first prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan said material and scientific development had
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