Once universities were considered as a ‘paradise of scholars’ to be run by faculty, and the nation-state was to fund their operations and protect their autonomy. From the mid-1970s, a view emerged that the collegial system of governance makes universities vulnerable to be captured by academia-dominated interest groups, ignoring the interest of other stakeholders, primarily students, and therefore, the nation-state should steer them. Universities have evolved over the years and now they serve multiple interests. The current view is that universities, which receive government fund, are like any other public-funded service and should be under the command and control of
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