China's days of picking a number for gross domestic product (GDP) growth and moulding the economy to fit are probably over. At the same time, its planners still seem wedded to symbolic statistical goals. Targeting a range for national output, rather than any single figure, would be an elegant way to square the circle.
Targets die hard in a Socialist system that still thinks in five-year plans. While some, like household income growth or job creation, are more like guidelines, GDP is different. The government sets a target at each spring parliament, and the country grinds into action. Local authorities tend to exceed the goal with wasteful investment and all-out number-fudging. The combined third-quarter GDP reported by 30 of China's 31 provinces as of November 5 exceeds the national total by nine per cent.
The problem is that GDP includes things China can't control, like volatile net exports, which accounted for over 10 per cent of incremental output in the first nine months of the year. When trade partners buy less, the temptation is to invest blindly to compensate. Suppressing the exchange rate used to give exports a boost, but increasingly the yuan is being used to attract or repel short-term flows of capital rather than help out exporters.
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Behind the scenes, bureaucrats might still need their big-figure fix. Most local governments can't fund their own budgets through direct borrowing, so the central government allocates funds with an output target in mind. But admitting that overall growth might rise or fall with global trade winds would remove the incentive to invest wastefully to meet the numbers.
It's not clear whether Li and his peers are yet ready to shake things up. GDP targets are woven into China's fabric like Mao and Marxism. But being a bit vaguer on next year's growth would send a clear signal that China is moving in a good direction.
