The 15th Conference of Parties (COP) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity concluded in Montreal on December 19, 2022. The meeting adopted the Global Biodiversity Framework, which sets the goal of ensuring that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland waters and oceans globally are managed as protected areas. It is not clear how these targets will be translated into national targets, or how the high seas falling outside national jurisdictions will be managed. There is an important target relating to the use of chemical nutrients and pesticides which has direct relevance to a country like
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