Who destroyed India's vaccine self-sufficiency?

India's self-sufficiency in vaccine production was destroyed one and half decades ago under the UPA-I government, by moving vaccine manufacture and government procurement to the private sector

On May 8 the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court while hearing a PIL wondered why India, a pioneer in vaccine production before the current pandemic and a big exporter of vaccines, had to rely on just two private domestic manufacturers--Serum Institute of India (SII) and Bharat Biotech--to produce Covid-19 vaccines. It has also baffled many ordinary citizens.  

India’s self-sufficiency in vaccine production was destroyed one and half decades ago under the UPA-I government. Anbumani Ramadoss, then the Union Health Minister in Dr. Manmohan Singh’s government effectively moved vaccine manufacture and government procurement to the private sector.

In January