Scientists have discovered 39 new species of endemic desert cockroaches from the southwestern US and Mexico.
Researchers have revised a genus of cockroach in the poorly studied family Corydiidae for the first time since 1920.
The revision resulted in the discovery and description of 39 new species of Arenivaga, a genus which previously held nine species, researchers said.
The Corydiidae family of roaches is found worldwide and its constituents are frequently found in harsh, dry habitats not usually associated with cockroaches.
The study was completed over a four-year period by Heidi Hopkins, who is a cockroach taxonomic specialist and PhD candidate at the University of New Mexico, Museum of Southwestern Biology, in Albuquerque.
"The extent of the radiation of this genus is quite surprising," said Hopkins.
"These animals have remarkable adaptations that allow them to succeed in some of the harshest places on earth.
"I suspect that the thorough application of modern collection methods would reveal many more species of Arenivaga across Mexico, and many more species of Corydiidae in the deserts and dry places of the rest of the world," she said.
Arenivaga, also known as desert or sand cockroaches, are dramatically sexually dimorphic, meaning that the females look nothing like the males.
This makes the association of female specimens of a species with male specimens of the same species very difficult.
Hopkins' work is based on male specimens only, and species are separated from one another by characters of the genitalia, which are incredibly complex.
"The order Blattodea (cockroaches) which includes termites, comprise some of the earth's greatest decomposers. They are the planet's recyclers and clearly they have a role to play even in terrain with very little plant matter requiring decomposition," Hopkins said.
"We can no longer think of cockroaches as creatures restricted to the moisture of the tropics," she said.
The results have been published in the journal ZooKeys.
