The dinosaur found in Canada, a distant cousin of Triceratops called Xenoceratops foremostensis, is one of the oldest specimens known to date of the ceratopsid group.
The beast's name, Xenoceratops, translates to "alien horned-face", referring to the strange pattern of horns on its head and above its brow, and the rarity of such horned dinosaurs in this part of the fossil record, LiveScience reported.
"It seems to have the general types of ornamentation that we see taken to even greater extremes in later ceratopsids. That suggests the elaborate headgear evolved earlier," said David Evans, a paleontologist at the Royal Ontario Museum.
In 1958, paleontologist Wann Langston Jr discovered fragments of three skulls (now known to belong to Xenoceratops) in a rock formation in the badlands of Alberta, Canada.
Though the area is now scrubby woodlands filled with hoodoos and sandstone hills, between 77 million and 90 million years ago, the dinosaur's stomping grounds were part of a river system filled with lush vegetation.
However, Langston was busy with other discoveries, so he tossed the fossil fragments into a drawer at the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa and promptly forgot about them.
In 2003, Evans and his colleagues learned of the fragments. The team was trying to fill in gaps in the fossil record for the late Cretaceous Period, when some of the most iconic dinosaurs, such as Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops, evolved.
As they pieced together the skull fragments and analyzed the distinctive ornamentation on the skull, they realised that Xenoceratops was a completely new species.
"The frills and hooks are the calling card of the ceratopsian species. We knew instantly that it was a brand new type of horned dinosaur," Evans told LiveScience.
Xenoceratops was about the size of a rhinoceros
