The accused, identified as Sarang Ramchandra Kanade, was known to the 29-year-old victim, and used to visit her at her residence for higher medical studies, they said.
Kanade allegedly sexually assaulted the woman on April 27 and later also threatened her husband with a firearm, police said, adding the victim is working at a private hospital.
Police have registered offences under various sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) against Kanade after the woman lodged an FIR with them yesterday.