The Netherlands' highest court ruled Tuesday that doctors can carry out medically assisted suicide in patients with advanced dementia if the patient has earlier made a written directive.
The Supreme Court ruling solidifies in law a practice that already was being carried out on rare occasions in the Netherlands.
The case revolved around the acquittal last year by the district court in The Hague of a doctor who carried out medically assisted suicide on a 74-year-old woman despite indications she might have changed her mind since declaring it in writing.
The court ruled that the doctor acted with due care and was therefore not punishable, Supreme Court Judge Willem van Schendel said.
According to the Supreme Court, the court did not make any mistakes in its judgment.
Medically assisted suicide cases among people with advanced dementia are extremely rare; at the time of last year's trial, there had been fewer than 20 cases since the procedure was legalized in 2002.
Under the Dutch law, people are eligible for medically assisted suicide if they make a considered, voluntary request for it and if their suffering is hopelessly unbearable.
Patients can draw up a written request for it to be performed sometime in the future, in an advance directive, which should specify the conditions determining when they want it to happen.
Doctors must also seek the advice of at least one other independent physician before killing the patient.
Van Schendel said that in advanced dementia cases, doctors must pay particular attention to the legal requirement that the patient is suffering hopelessly and unbearably as a result of dementia.
He said that in such cases not one, but two independent doctors should be consulted about whether the written directive can be honoured.
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