The inner core of the Earth is solid, and softer than previously thought, according to a study which could improve our understanding of how the planet was formed.
Researchers at The Australian National University (ANU) came up with a way to detect shear waves, or "J waves" in the inner core -- a type of wave which can only travel through solid objects.
"We found the inner core is indeed solid, but we also found that it's softer than previously thought," said Hrvoje Tkalcic, an associate professor at ANU.
"It turns out -- if our results are correct -- the inner core shares some similar elastic properties with gold and platinum. The inner core is like a time capsule, if we understand it we will understand how the planet was formed, and how it evolves," Tkalcic said.
Inner core shear waves are so tiny and feeble they can't be observed directly, according to the study published in the journal Science.
Detecting them has been considered the "Holy Grail" of global seismology since scientists first predicted the inner core was solid in the 1930s and 40s, researchers said.
Their so-called correlation wave-field method looks at the similarities between the signals at two receivers after a major earthquake, rather than the direct wave arrivals.
A similar technique has been used by the same team to measure the thickness of the ice in Antarctica.
"We are throwing away the first three hours of the seismogram and what we're looking at is between three and 10 hours after a large earthquake happens. We want to get rid of the big signals," Tkalcic said.
The study shows these results can then be used to demonstrate the existence of J waves and infer the shear wave speed in the inner core.
While this specific information about shear waves is important, Tkalcic said what this research tells us about the inner core is even more exciting.
"For instance we don't know yet what the exact temperature of the inner core is, what the age of the inner core is, or how quickly it solidifies, but with these new advances in global seismology, we are slowly getting there," said Tkalcic.
"The understanding of the Earth's inner core has direct consequences for the generation and maintenance of the geomagnetic field, and without that geomagnetic field there would be no life on the Earth's surface," Tkalcic said.
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