The bullets that killed Paralympian Oscar Pistorius's girlfriend were of a type that has been the subject of repeated, though largely unsuccessful, bans since the 19th century.
A pathologist who performed an autopsy on Reeva Steenkamp the day after she died told the court Monday that the fatal gunshot wounds were inflicted by a type of expanding ammunition once known as "Black Talon".
The American-manufactured bullets, fired by Pistorius from a 9mm pistol, were banned in the 1990s in South Africa, but made their way back to the market under a different name, Ranger.
But even before that, hollow- and soft-point bullets -- also known as Dum-Dums -- were officially proscribed by the 1899 Hague Convention governing the laws of war.
That text's overly precise description rendered it almost meaningless and left ample scope for loopholes, yet their deadliness remains undisputed.
"It opens up once it is inside the body and cuts the tissue," said Jacobus Steyl, the owner of Durban-based specialist Forensic Ballistic Services.
"It causes severe damage... It's quite dangerous," he added.
- Jagged edges -
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On impact, expanding bullets flare out, forming jagged edges, like flower petals.
According to the International Committee of the Red Cross this can happen within centimetres of entering the body.
The effect is more pronounced at higher velocity, and at close range, like the bullets that shattered the 29-year-old Steenkamp's body through a bathroom door.
Gun experts told AFP that hollow-points can be bought at many gun shops in South Africa, but are not always easy to come by.
The ammunition was first manufactured by Winchester Ammunition in 1991, and became popular in South Africa during the violent years before the end of apartheid.
