Gravity may have saved the universe from collapsing immediately after the Big Bang by providing stability needed to survive expansion during that period, a new study suggests.
Studies of the Higgs particle - discovered at CERN in 2012 and responsible for giving mass to all particles - have suggested that the production of Higgs particles during the accelerating expansion of the very early universe (inflation) should have led to instability and collapse.
Scientists have been trying to find out why this did not happen, leading to theories that there must be some new physics that will help explain the origins of the universe that has not yet been discovered.
Physicists from Imperial College London, and the Universities of Copenhagen and Helsinki, described how the spacetime curvature - in effect, gravity - provided the stability needed for the universe to survive expansion in that early period.
Researchers investigated the interaction between the Higgs particles and gravity, taking into account how it would vary with energy.
They show that even a small interaction would have been enough to stabilise the universe against decay.
"The Standard Model of particle physics, which scientists use to explain elementary particles and their interactions, has so far not provided an answer to why the universe did not collapse following the Big Bang," said Professor Arttu Rajantie, from the Department of Physics at Imperial College London.
"Our research investigates the last unknown parameter in the Standard Model - the interaction between the Higgs particle and gravity.
"This parameter cannot be measured in particle accelerator experiments, but it has a big effect on the Higgs instability during inflation. Even a relatively small value is enough to explain the survival of the universe without any new physics!" Rajantie said.
The team plan to continue their research using cosmological observations to look at this interaction in more detail and explain what effect it would have had on the development of the early universe.
The study was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
