A faint collection of 1,000 stars, held together with a bit of dark matter, orbiting the Milky Way is the most lightweight galaxy ever discovered, scientists, including one of Indian-origin, have found.
The dwarf galaxy known as Segue 2 was measured by scientists using the world's most powerful telescopes at the W M Keck Observatory, LiveScience reported.
"Finding a galaxy as tiny as Segue 2 is like discovering an elephant smaller than a mouse," said University of California, Irvine cosmologist James Bullock, co-author of the paper.
Astronomers have been searching for years for this type of dwarf galaxy, long predicted to be swarming around the Milky Way.
Their inability to find any, he said, "has been a major puzzle, suggesting that perhaps our theoretical understanding of structure formation in the universe was flawed in a serious way."
Segue 2's presence as a satellite of our home galaxy could be "a tip-of-the-iceberg observation, with perhaps thousands more very low-mass systems orbiting just beyond our ability to detect them," he added.
"It's definitely a galaxy, not a star cluster," said postdoctoral scholar and lead author Evan Kirby. He explained that the stars are held together by a globule called a dark matter halo. Without this acting as galactic glue, the star body wouldn't qualify as a galaxy.
Segue 2, discovered in 2009 as part of the massive Sloan Digital Sky Survey, is one of the faintest known galaxies, with light output just 900 times that of the Sun.
That's miniscule compared to the Milky Way, which shines 20 billion times brighter. But despite its tiny size, researchers using different tools originally thought Segue 2 was far denser.
"The Keck telescopes are the only ones in the world powerful enough to have made this observation," Kirby said of the huge apparatus housed on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
He determined the upper weight range of 25 of the major stars in the galaxy and found that it weighs at least 10 times less than previously estimated.
Fellow authors of the study are Michael Boylan-Kolchin and Manoj Kaplinghat of UC Irvine, Judith Cohen of the California Institute of Technology and Marla Geha of Yale University.
The study was published in The Astrophysical Journal.
