NASA has successfully crashed a 45-foot-long helicopter filled with 15 dummy passengers from a height of about 30 feet to test improved seats and seat-belts and gather data on the odds of surviving a crash.
Engineers at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, dropped an old Marine CH-46E helicopter fuselage using cables to hoist the helicopter fuselage with its mock passengers into the air and swing it to the ground, much like a pendulum.
It was travelling at 48.2kph when pyrotechnic devices separated the cables and let the fuselage hit the soil at Langley's Landing and Impact Research Facility.
"We designed this test to simulate a severe but survivable crash under both civilian and military requirements," said NASA lead test engineer Martin Annett.
"It was amazingly complicated with all the dummies, cameras, instrumentation and the collaborators, but it went well," said Annett.
The test was a collaboration between NASA, the US Navy, US Army and Federal Aviation Administration.
Thirteen instrumented crash-test dummies and two un-instrumented manikins had a rough ride, as did some of the 40 cameras mounted inside and outside the fuselage. Preliminary observations indicate good data collection, which will take months to analyse.
Researchers used the cameras as well as on-board computers, which data from 350 instrumentation points, to record every move of the 10,300-pound aircraft and its contents.
The helicopter's unusual black-and-white-speckled paint job - a photographic technique called full field photogrammetry - also aided in the data collection effort.
"High speed cameras filming at 500 images per second tracked each black dot, so after everything is over, we can plot exactly how the fuselage reacted structurally throughout the test," said NASA test engineer Justin Littell.
This was the first of two planned tests using Navy-provided CH-46E Sea Knight fuselages. A similar helicopter equipped with additional technology, including high-performance, lightweight composite airframe retrofits, will be used in a crash test next year.
NASA will use the results of both tests in efforts to improve rotor-craft performance and efficiency. Researchers also want to increase industry knowledge and create more complete computer models that can be used to design better and safer helicopters.
The ultimate goal of NASA's rotary wing research is to help make helicopters and other vertical take-off and landing vehicles more serviceable - able to carry more passengers and cargo - quicker, quieter, safer and greener, and lead to more extensive use in the airspace system.
