Scientists have found that customisation of aircraft and runway lights to birds' visual systems can reduce costly bird-aircraft collisions.
Collision with birds is one of the most common hazards to aircraft, causing USD 700 million in damage annually in the US, scientists said.
Megan Doppler and Esteban Fernandez-Juricic of Purdue University and Bradley Blackwell and Travis DeVault of the National Wildlife Research Center's Ohio Field Station have conducted experiments involving captive cowbirds and remote-controlled aircraft to test how the birds reacted to a variety of lights.
Birds' eyes are different from human eyes in several key ways, and Doppler and her colleagues determined that blue light would be most conspicuous to the Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) used in their study.
Outfitting a remote-controlled model airplane with lights in this colour, they tested how the captive flock reacted to continuous versus pulsing lights and to a stationary versus approaching aircraft.
When the aircraft was stationary, cowbirds became alert more quickly when the lights were on than when they were off. When the aircraft approached the birds with lights off, their response times slowed as the aircraft's speed increased, but lights helped mitigate this effect.
"In previous studies, we have demonstrated that avian response to vehicle approach can be enhanced by increasing the conspicuousness of the approaching vehicle with white lights," said Fernandez-Juricic.
"However, in this study, we followed a sensory ecology approach to establish a-priori a light that would be particularly conspicuous to our study species and tested the responses of individuals to this light tuned to their eyes.
"In addition, we showed that by pulsing the light, we reduced the effects of high speeds on the ability of the animals to become alert to the approaching aircraft. These findings hold implications for how we might enhance bird response to larger, faster aircraft," said Fernandez-Juricic.
The researchers have several suggestions for applying their findings to real-world situations. Stationary lights along runways could by synced with taxiing aircraft to help capture birds' attention before aircraft take off.
Lights onboard the aircraft could be off during taxiing but on during takeoff itself to improve birds' ability to detect and react to such large, fast-moving objects.
With some tweaking, similar approaches may even be applicable to reducing bird strikes with large stationary structures such as towers and wind turbines, researchers said.
The study was published in The Condor: Ornithological Applications journal.
