New method to produce cleaner diesel found

Universities in Belgium and Netherlands developed the new approach which can quickly be scaled up for industrial use

Scientists have discovered a new method which can be used to produce much cleaner diesel which is expected to be used in cars in 5 to 10 years.

Researchers at KU Leuven University in Belgium and Utrecht University in Netherlands developed the new approach which can quickly be scaled up for industrial use.

The production of fuel involves the use of catalysts. These substances trigger the chemical reactions that convert raw material into fuel.

In the case of diesel, small catalyst granules are added to the raw material to sufficiently change the molecules of the raw material to produce usable fuel.
 
Catalysts can have one or more chemical functions. The catalyst that was used for this particular study has two functions, represented by two different materials - a metal (platinum) and a solid-state acid.

During the production process for diesel, the molecules bounce to and fro between the metal and the acid. Each time a molecule comes into contact with one of the materials, it changes a little bit. At the end of the process, the molecules are ready to be used for diesel fuel.

The assumption has always been that the metal and the solid-state acid in the catalyst should be as close together as possible. That would speed up the production process by helping the molecules bounce to and fro more quickly.

However, the researchers have now discovered that this assumption is incorrect. If the functions within a catalyst are nanometres apart, the process yields better molecules for cleaner fuel.

"We repeated the experiments three times, only to arrive at the same conclusion - the current theory is wrong. There has to be a minimum distance between the functions within a catalyst. This goes against what the industry has been doing for the past 50 years," said Johan Martens, a professor at KU Leuven University.

The new method can optimise quite a few molecules in diesel. Cars that are driven by this clean diesel would emit far fewer particulates and carbon dioxide.

The new technique can be applied to petroleum-based fuels, but also to renewable carbon from biomass.