Ahead of the Union Budget, Reserve Bank Governor Urjit Patel today urged the government to take steps to cut high central and state borrowings, saying India needs to ensure "good policy housekeeping" for stable macroeconomic conditions.
Speaking at the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit here, he underlined the need for also ensuring that the medium-term consumer-price based inflation target of 4 per cent was "secured on a durable basis".
At the same time, he said RBI would continue to press ahead with a "fluid transmission" of monetary policy and wanted the government to infuse adequate capital in the banking system.
The environment of macroeconomic stability built over the last few years must not be frittered away, Patel said.
The government debt-to-GDP ratio was taking its toll on the country's sovereign ratings, he said, adding that the combined fiscal deficit of the Centre and state governments was among the highest in the G20 group of nations.
"We have to take cognisance of these comparisons and facts as we go forward to make progress. Specifically, this will help us to better manage risks for ourselves and thereby mitigate financial volatility," he said.
The RBI Governor's comments come three weeks ahead of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley presenting the Budget on February 1, wherein he is likely to outline the fiscal deficit target for 2017-18 along with other policy and tax announcements.
For the current fiscal, a 6.4 per cent combined central and state fiscal deficit is being targeted.
Patel said the government needs to be mindful of subsidising credit or providing credit guarantees, saying such schemes can add to government debt.
"While some government guarantees and limited subventions can help, steep interest rate subventions and large credit guarantees also impede optimal allocation of financial resources and increases moral hazard," he said.
Patel stressed that keeping inflation low on durable basis is "essential prerequisite" for meaningful interest rate structure to increase investments for better growth.
"For us, in India, good policy housekeeping should be the cornerstone. It is easy and quick to fritter away gains regarding macroeconomic stability. But hard and slow to regain them," he said.
Under the new monetary policy framework, RBI is now tasked with a notified target for retail inflation of 4 per cent (plus or minus 2 per cent).
"Low and stable inflation is an essential prerequisite for having a meaningful interest rate structure or regime whereby decisions by savers and investors help to achieve maximal allocative efficiency in an economy whose investment rate has to increase for better growth outcomes," he said.
Alongside with keeping a tab on inflation, RBI continues to press for smoother transmission of monetary policy, he said.
Without directly commenting on the recent scheme unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to provide cheaper credit to the poor, farmers, women and small businesses, Patel cautioned against policies of interest subvention and credit guarantees.
Credit guarantees, he said, increase the government's contingent liabilities and add to risk premia for its own borrowing. "Guarantees per se at the end of the day have limited utility in solving important sector issues."
Noting that prudent fiscal management is the key to macroeconomic stability, he said that despite improvement in the fiscal position since 2013, India's general deficit remains among the highest.
"Since 2013, the central government has successfully embarked on a fiscal consolidation path. Even then, our general government deficit (that is borrowing by the centre and states combined) is, according to IMF data, amongst the highest in the group of G-20 countries. In conjunction, the level of our general government debt as a ratio to GDP is cited by some as coming in the way of a credit rating upgrade," he said.
He said a sharp increase in government borrowing cannot be a short cut to long-lasting higher growth and a better alternative would be to institute structural reforms and reorient government expenditure towards public infrastructure.
Lower fiscal deficit will also help in better management of risk and curb financial volatility which becomes more important in view of adverse external environment, he said.
The RBI Governor also made a case for continuous support towards recapitalisation of public sector banks arguing that "a well capitalised domestic banking system enhances the comfort of the various stakeholders to conduct business in the offshore IFSC (International Financial Services Centre) as well".
He called for setting up a unified regulator for the IFSC. This, he said, would help in better regulation and supervision of the financial entities in the GIFT City. IFSC at GIFT City in Gujarat is probably the first such centre to be launched after the 2008 global financial crisis.
RBI has been working closely with all IFSC stakeholders on diverse subjects in the recent years to help GIFT develop.
"Today we see intense competition among the major IFSCs trying to position themselves for various business lines, and increase their business potential," Patel said.
On fiscal deficit, Patel said, borrowing even more and pre-empting resources from future generations by governments cannot be a short cut to long-lasting higher growth.
Instead, structural reforms and reorienting government expenditure towards public infrastructure are key for durable gains on the Indian growth front, he said.
"Investment in public transport, specifically railways and Urban MRTS can lead to reduced costs and productivity gains as also help us to lower our oil import bill, and, as collateral benefit, improve air quality in our cities," he said.
