Poland was thrashed 4-0 by Denmark for its first loss in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup, throwing Group E wide open.
With Montenegro winning 3-0 at Kazakhstan, Poland's lead was trimmed to three points with three games remaining.
Montenegro and Denmark are tied on points behind the Poles.
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Marko Vesovic, Fatos Beciraj and Marko Simic were the scorers for Montenegro in Astana.
Poland hosts Kazakhstan on Monday, before finishing with games against Armenia away and Montenegro at home.
Romania beat Armenia 1-0 thanks to midfielder Alexandru Maxim's goal in the first minute of stoppage time. Romania is fourth in the group, four points behind Montenegro and Denmark.
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