Pope Francis is wrapping up his first visit to Asia with a Mass for peace and reconciliation in Seoul's cathedral attended by the South Korean president and a handful of North Korean defectors.
Organisers of the papal trip had invited a delegation from the North to attend today's Mass, but Pyongyang authorities declined.
Organisers said there would be representation from the North in the form of defectors, former abductees and about 30 priests and nuns who received their religious training in the North but moved south before the war.
During the Mass, Seoul's archbishop was to dedicate a "crown of thorns" to the pope made from barbed wire taken from the demilitarised zone. "That they may be one" reads the inscription.