Sea levels will continue to rise long after the carbon emission pledges made through the historic Paris climate agreement are met, and global temperatures stabilise, according to a study.
The Paris agreement on climate change mitigation, adopted in 2015, calls for limiting global average temperatures to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to keep the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement took effect in 2016.
A team led by scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany found that emissions released during the initial 15-year period of the agreement would cause sea levels to rise by about 20 centimeters by the year 2300.
They noted that the estimates did not take into account the potential impact of an already irreversible melting of parts of the Antarctic ice sheet.
The increase in sea level rise related to emissions during the Paris agreement period is about 20 per cent of a total one-metre sea level rise (20 centimetres) expected by 2300, the researchers said.
The one metre rise is attributed to emissions dating back to the year 1750, they said.
The new study, published in the journal PNAS, found that about half of the 20-centimetre sea level rise can be attributed to the world's top five polluters: the US, China, India, Russia and the European Union.
The study is the first to quantify how much sea level would rise from the carbon emissions pledged under the Paris agreement.
"Even if we were to meet these initial goals of the Paris agreement, the sea level commitment from global warming will be significant," said Peter Clark, a climate scientist at the Oregon State University in the US, and a co-author of the study.
"When we pump more carbon into the atmosphere, the increase in temperature is almost immediate. But sea level rise takes a lot longer to respond to that warming.
"If you take an ice cube out of the freezer and put it on the sidewalk, it takes some time to melt. The bigger the ice cube, the longer it takes to melt," said Clark.
Oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are the main contributors to sea level rise; each responds to climate change on time scales ranging from decades to millennia.
Rising sea levels pose a significant threat to coastal ecosystems and the livelihoods of hundreds of million people around the world who live and work along the Earth's coasts.
"Much of the carbon dioxide we've emitted into the atmosphere will stay up there for thousands of years," said Clark.
"So our carbon emissions this century are not only committing our planet to a warmer climate, but also to higher sea levels that will also persist for thousands of years," he said.
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