Since the first test-tube baby was born more than three decades ago, in vitro fertilisation has evolved into a highly sophisticated lab procedure.
Now, scientists are going back to basics and testing a simpler and cheaper method intended mainly for developing countries.
In the West, many would-be parents spend thousands of dollars for IVF, which involves pricey incubators and extensive screening.
But European and American scientists say a simplified version of the entire procedure aimed at developing countries could be done for about 200 euros (USD 265) with generic fertility drugs and basic lab equipment that would fit inside a shoebox.
"IVF is made to sound complicated but the fact is that the early embryo is not very demanding," said Jonathan Van Blerkom, a fertility expert at the University of Colorado.
A human embryo doesn't need much beyond some basic solutions, a steady pH level and constant temperature, he said.
The simpler approach calls for women to take cheaper fertility tablets to stimulate their ovaries to release more than one egg per month. In conventional IVF, expensive, potent drugs that are injected can produce more than 20 eggs.
Van Blerkom developed the simplified technique after European colleagues asked him how IVF could be done in developing countries.
"My first reaction was, 'You've got to be kidding,'" he said.
But with two test tubes and special solutions, "it's possible to generate the exact same conditions, or very similar, to what people are generating in a USD 60,000 incubator."
One test tube is used to prepare a solution including carbon dioxide, which creates the ideal conditions for fertilisation.
That's piped into a second tube, where one egg and a few thousand sperm are added, before being placed in a heating block.
After about two to three days, any resulting embryo is examined under a microscope before being transferred into the woman.
Van Blerkom and colleagues estimated that about half of all people seeking infertility treatment could potentially be helped by the method.
Those who have complicated infertility problems, like men with severe sperm problems or women with very few eggs left, will still need standard IVF.
