A new heart failure treatment using stem cells derived from umbilical cords may significantly improve heart muscle function and quality of life, a study has found.
Researchers from Universidad de los Andes in Chile conducted a trial in which 30 patients, aged 18 to 75 years, with stable heart failure receiving optimal drug therapy underwent intravenous infusions with either umbilical cord- derived stem cells or placebo.
The umbilical cords were obtained from full-term human placentas from healthy donors by caesarean section after informed consent.
The study, published in the journal Circulation Research, found that compared to the placebo treatment the stem cell therapy showed sustained and "significant" improvement in the hearts' ability to pump blood in the year following treatment.
It also resulted in greater improvements on measures of daily functional status and quality of life and was safe with no adverse effects or development of alloantibodies, a common immune complication in patients receiving organ transplants or blood transfusions.
"We are encouraged by our findings because they could pave the way for a non-invasive, promising new therapy for a group of patients who face grim odds," said Fernando Figueroa professor of medicine at the Universidad de los Andes in Chile.
Researchers have previously assessed the potential of bone marrow-derived stem cells as treatment; however, intravenous umbilical cord-derived stem cells have never been evaluated.
The latter type has been particularly appealing because they are easily accessible, widely available, unlikely to cause immune complications and free of the ethical concerns that surround embryonic stem cells, researchers said.
"Standard drug-based regimens can be suboptimal in controlling heart failure, and patients often have to progress to more invasive therapies such as mechanical ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation," said Jorge Bartolucci, a cardiologist and professor at the Universidad de los Andes.
Heart failure, marked by the heart muscle's inability to pump blood efficiently, affects some 37 million people worldwide, researchers said.
Despite medical advances, half of patients diagnosed with heart failure will die within five years of diagnosis, they said.
If affirmed in larger studies, these findings could provide a promising new treatment option for a condition that currently has few.
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