The US economy surged in the April-June quarter to an annual growth rate of 4.1 per cent. That's the fastest pace since 2014, driven by consumers who began spending their tax cuts and exporters who rushed to get their products delivered ahead of retaliatory tariffs.
President Donald Trump told reporters at the White House that he was thrilled with what he called an "amazing" growth rate and said it wasn't "a one-time shot."
However, private economists took issue with that forecast, saying the second quarter performance isn't likely to last in the months ahead.
The Commerce Department reported today that the gross domestic product, the country's total output of goods and services, posted its best showing since a 4.9 per cent gain in the third quarter of 2014.
Trump, who has repeatedly attacked the economic record of the Obama administration, pledged during the 2016 campaign to double growth to 4 per cent or better. But private forecasters cautioned that the April-June pace is unsustainable because it stems from temporary factors. The rest of the year is likely to see solid, but slower growth of around 3 per cent.
"We have accomplished an economic turnaround of historic proportions," Trump told reporters at a White House briefing attended by his top economic advisers.
Paul Ashworth, chief US economist at Capital Economics, said that as the government stimulus from tax cuts and higher spending fades, and the Federal Reserve's continued interest rates hikes begin to pinch, "growth will slow markedly from mid-2019 onwards."
The latest GDP figure was nearly double the 2.2 per cent growth rate in the first quarter, which was revised up from a previous estimate of 2 per cent growth.
Consumer spending, which accounts for 70 per cent of economic activity, rose to a 4 per cent annual growth rate after turning in a lackluster 0.5 per cent gain in the first quarter.
Consumers began spending their higher take-home pay on autos and other big-ticket items, spurred by the USD 1.5 trillion tax cut Trump pushed through Congress in December.
Forecasters expect healthy consumer spending in the second half of this year but a slower pace than in the spring.
Another factor that bolstered the second quarter was a rush by exporters of soybeans and other products to get their shipments to other countries before retaliatory tariffs in response to Trump's get-tough trade policies took effect. Exports rose at a 9.3 per cent rate in the second quarter, while imports grew at a tiny 0.5 per cent rate.
The narrowing trade deficit added a full percentage-point to growth in the second quarter, though economists are concerned that a full-blown trade war between the United States and China, the world's two biggest economies, will hurt growth going forward.
Business investment grew at a solid 7.3 per cent rate in the second quarter. Government spending also posted a solid gain, rising at a 2.1 per cent rate.
The result was boosted by a budget deal at the beginning of this year that added billions to defense and domestic spending. But housing, which has struggled this year, shrank at a 1.1 per cent rate after an even bigger 3.4 per cent decline in the first quarter.
"The second quarter was a strong quarter, but it was juiced up by the tax cuts and higher government spending," said Mark Zandi, chief economist Moody's Analytics.
Zandi forecast that growth for 2018 will hit 3 per cent, the best annual growth rate in over a decade. In 2019, he expects a solid 2.6 per cent growth rate. But in 2020 - a presidential election year - Zandi said he is forecasting economic growth of just 0.9 per cent, a pace that is so slow that it will raise the threat of a recession.
"We will come pretty close to stalling out in 2020 because the growth we are seeing now is not sustainable," Zandi said.
The GDP report released today included a benchmark revision of the past GDP numbers. That revision showed that growth in 2017 came in at 2.2 per cent, slightly lower than the 2.3 per cent previously reported.
The current expansion, which began in June 2009 and is now the second longest in history, has also been the weakest. The GDP revisions did not change that story. Growth has averaged just 2.2 per cent since mid-2009 through the end of last year, the same as previously reported.
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