US scientists say they have made progress toward developing treatments for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), after the death toll from the newly emerged and often fatal disease topped 100 in Saudi Arabia.
There are currently no vaccines or antiviral treatments for MERS, a severe respiratory disease with a mortality rate of more than 40 per cent that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and which experts are still struggling to understand.
But now scientists at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston have identified natural human antibodies -- proteins made by the immune system that recognise foreign viruses and bacteria -- against the virus that causes MERS.
In laboratory studies reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a scientific journal, researchers found that these "neutralising" antibodies prevented a key part of the virus, known as MERS CoV, from attaching to protein receptors that allow the virus to infect human cells.
Further experiments are under way that could lead to development of antibody preventives and treatments for MERS, according to the scientists.
"This panel of neutralising antibodies offers the possibility of developing human monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy, especially for health care workers," the authors noted.
MERS is considered a deadlier but less-transmissible cousin of the SARS virus that erupted in Asia in 2003 and infected 8,273 people, nine percent of whom died.
The World Health Organisation announced last week that it had offered to send international experts to Saudi Arabia to investigate "any evolving risk" associated with the transmission pattern of the virus.
The UN agency said the recent cluster of cases among health workers was a cause of concern as the virus had clearly been contracted from a human patient and not directly from an animal host.
Wayne Marasco, who led the research, and his team found the MERS antibodies using a "library" of some 27 billion human antibodies they have created and maintain in a freezer at Dana-Farber.
A neutralising antibody is one that not only recognises a specific virus but also prevents it from infecting host cells, so eventually the infection is "cleared" from the individual.
