When Islamic State group fighters swept into northern Iraq's second city Mosul in a lightning June offensive, their propaganda trumpeted a better life for the people under jihadist rule.
Now, nearly six months later, residents there are suffering from a lack of clean water and also a shortage of medicine to treat illnesses caused by it.
The very name "Islamic State" is a clear pointer that the group seeks to rule as well as to conquer: IS has declared a cross-border Islamic "caliphate" spanning parts of Iraq and neighbouring Syria.
But despite spearheading the June offensive that also overran the surrounding Nineveh province and swathes of other territory, IS has been unable to provide basic services in these areas, ultimately undermining the state to which it aspires.
"The impression given in IS propaganda is a group offering a better quality of life than before that is also more just for locals," said Aymenn al-Tamimi, a fellow at the Middle East Forum who is an expert on jihadist organisations.
But "the hardships of the locals certainly undermine IS claims to be a state meeting the needs of the people and offering them real security," he said.
One resident of east Mosul whose wife became ill because of contaminated water told AFP by telephone that the "disruption of the water treatment stations" had led to sickness among many people.
"The biggest and most dangerous problem now is because of our harsh circumstances and the absence of services," Abu Ali said.
Some people have even turned to digging their own wells to get water because of interruptions in the mains supply, which Abu Ali said could be cut for a day or even a week.
Problems with basic services already existed in much of Iraq before this year's crisis erupted, but these have been compounded in Mosul by skilled government employees fleeing jihadist rule.
"Treatment stations are old and the water distribution networks are damaged," a water treatment official in Mosul said, adding that there was now a shortage of workers as well.
At Mosul General Hospital, one doctor said the facility had admitted 15 people infected by contaminated water in just 24 hours -- and there are nine other hospitals in the city.
A doctor at Republican Hospital said it too had received a large number of people, especially children, who had become sick, and that stomach and intestinal infections and hepatitis were on the rise.
As the number of ill people increases, there is a corresponding shortage of medicine available to treat them.
