The World Bank has said net neutrality should ensure greatest possible internet access to users and not undermine their fundamental rights and freedoms, voicing concern over moves by companies globally including Facebook in India to provide people free internet with restricted access.
"Care should be taken to ensure that users have the greatest possible access to internet-based content, applications and services of their choice," said the World Bank in a report.
"But traffic management measures, while legitimate, should not reduce the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms, particularly freedom of expression," the report said.
The bank in its voluminous 350-page report 'World Development Report 2016:Digital Dividends said the balance here should be carefully calibrated so that network operators continue to have incentives to build out and continuously improve networks and network capacity.
Weighing its view on net neutrality, the international financial institution in its report refer to the debate in many developing countries like India and offers made by companies like Facebook.
"The recent trend to develop services in which some basic content can be accessed free of data charges (such as Facebook's Free Basics or Internet.Org), while other content is subject to data charges, would appear to be the antithesis of net neutrality and a distortion of markets," it said.
"Nevertheless, some defend the practice as a means of extending internet use in low-income countries. In India, following protests, some participating organisations withdrew support to Airtel Zero and Internet.Org, as the regulator indicated that these platforms do not provide equal treatment to all online services," the report said.
An open and free internet is a key contributing factor to innovation in the digital economy, making it critical to protect this openness, it added.
"This report is saying that what we want to do is to make the internet accessible, affordable, open and safe. So anything which is contributing to this trend is a good thing," said Deepak Mishra, who authored the with Uwe Deichmann.
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"So a lot of technological companies is trying to make internet accessible and affordable, but some of them may not be making the internet as open as one would have liked," Mishra told reporters here.
"Clearly they are second or third based solution. The first based solution would have been a complete open access to internet and much more accessible and affordable," he said.
In whatever form a country would wish to use the internet for development purposes, its public policies should ensure that technical management of internet traffic is not used to suppress a tool of innovation, the report said.
Deichmann, however, noted that Facebook should be given benefit of the doubt.
"While many people say it is mainly business capturing of future users.. But if u give them the benefit of the doubt, it is one model to expand access to internet," Deichmann said.
