By David Sheppard
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Commodity revenues at leading Wall Street firms crashed last year to their lowest on record, as tighter regulation and limited price swings squeezed the once dominant traders of Goldman Sachs Group Inc
All three firms reported double-digit percentage declines in revenues for oil, grains and copper trading in 2012, illustrating how the one-time 'Wall Street Refiners' have withered in the face of subdued markets and restrictions on proprietary trading.
The decline is most stark at Goldman, where commodity revenues collapsed by more than 60 percent year-on-year in 2012 to just $575 million, according to the bank's annual report.
Long considered the top commodity bank on Wall Street for its expertise in both physical and financial markets, Goldman's revenues have now fallen by almost 90 percent since 2009 when they totaled more than $4.5 billion.
Morgan Stanley, Goldman's fellow Wall Street pioneer in commodity markets three decades ago, reported a 20 percent decline in commodity revenues in 2012.
JPMorgan, which has grown its commodity business through a series of bold acquisitions since the 2008 financial crisis and now surpasses both Goldman and Morgan Stanley, saw revenues decline 16 percent to $2.4 billion.
Spokespeople for the banks, who have regularly declined to discuss their commodity results since they began revealing them in filings in 2009, were not immediately available to comment.
In total, Wall Street's commodity revenues have fallen more than 50 percent since 2008 to just $6 billion, according to a survey by London-based research firm Coalition.
Last year commodities made up just 6.5 percent of revenues from trading fixed income, currencies and commodities (FICC), Coalition said, down from 10.5 percent last year and 30 percent in 2008.
"Ongoing concerns about increased regulation and capital sensitivity (are) pushing banks to re-evaluate their commodities strategies," Coalition said in a report.
TIGHTENING REGULATION
The latest results pose questions about how the banks' may adapt in the commodities sector, which was estimated to be worth as much as $14 billion to Wall Street annually at its peak.
Following Goldman and Morgan Stanley's lead, the boom in resource markets that started 10 years ago attracted many big banks to trade oil, metals and agricultural products, but many have struggled since the financial crisis.
The Volcker rule has placed restrictions on trading positions held purely for the banks' own profits as part of the Dodd-Frank Act. Lower market volatility has also cut into clients' trading and hedging activities.
While Brent crude oil averaged a record $112 a barrel in 2012, that was just $1 more than the average price in the previous year.
Wall Street's continued ownership of physical commodity assets, including power plants, oil storage tanks and metals warehouses, is also still under question after the conversion of Goldman and Morgan Stanley to Bank Holding Companies during the financial crisis.
Late last year, Morgan Stanley held discussions about selling part of its commodities business to the Qatari sovereign wealth fund, though that deal appears to be on hold.
Based on Reuters' calculations, revenues at Morgan Stanley's commodity business peaked at around $3 billion in 2008, but have since declined to just over $1 billion last year.
In October, Goldman Sachs denied it had ever "seriously" looked at splitting off its commodities business, after reports said it had held "preliminary internal discussions" about a possible spin-off.
At JPMorgan, which is a relatively late entrant to large-scale commodity trading following its acquisition of RBS Sempra's metals and energy trading desks in 2010, the 16 percent decline may create concern rather than panic.
Global commodity chief Blythe Masters has largely succeeded in her goal of surpassing Goldman and Morgan Stanley as the largest bank in commodities, though industry experts say JPMorgan may now start to focus more on costs to boost profitability.
The bank said last year it has 600 professionals in its commodity division, and 10 offices globally. (Reporting By David Sheppard; Editing by Daniel Magnowski and Bob Burgdorfer)
