Hack of Wall St regulator rattles investors, lawmakers

By Sarah N. Lynch and Dustin Volz

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Wall Street's top regulator came under fire on Thursday about its cyber security and disclosure practices after admitting hackers had breached its database of corporate announcements in 2016 and may have used it for insider trading.

The breach involved Securities and Exchange Commission's EDGAR filing system, which houses market-moving information with millions of filings ranging from quarterly earnings to statements on acquisitions.

The SEC said on Wednesday evening it discovered last month that cyber criminals may have used a hack detected in 2016 to make illicit trades.

SEC Chairman Jay Clayton gave members of Congress a "courtesy call" about the hack on Wednesday afternoon before it was announced publicly, said Representative Bill Huizenga, chairman of the U.S. House subcommittee that oversees the SEC.

 

"It's hugely problematic and we've got to be serious about how we protect that information as a regulator," Huizenga said.

The SEC disclosure came two weeks after credit-reporting company Equifax Inc said a breach has exposed sensitive personal of data up to 143 million U.S. customers, and follows last year's cyber attack on SWIFT, the global bank messaging system.

It is particularly embarrassing for the SEC and its new boss Clayton, who has made tackling cyber crime one of the top enforcement issues.

"The chairman obviously recognises the irony of the SEC potentially serving as the unwitting tipper in an insider trading scheme," said John Reed Stark, president of a cyber consulting firm and a former SEC staff member.

The SEC has said it was investigating the source of the hack but it did not say exactly when it happened or what sort of non-public data was retrieved. The agency said the attackers had exploited a weakness in a part of the EDGAR system and it had "promptly" fixed it.

Most reports filed with the SEC "generally don't contain super-sensitive information," and any insider trading would have taken place soon after company filings were made but before they were released to the public, said Gary LaBranche, president of National Investor Relations Institute.

"People are shocked and disappointed," LaBranche said. NIRI members, who work with 1,600 publicly-traded companies, will be examining their trading reports for any unusual activity that could be tied to disclosures, he said.

The Trump administration has prioritised protection of federal agency networks after breaches including at the Office of Personnel Management, Internal Revenue Service and State Department during the Obama administration.

U.S. President Donald Trump in May signed an executive order requiring agencies to use a specific framework to assess and manage cyber risk, and to prepare a report within 90 days about how they implement it.

The SEC did not respond when asked about that review or whether it triggered the disclosure, but Clayton said in his Wednesday statement that he began reviewing the agency's cyber risk in May.

SEC Commissioners did not learn of the breach until recently. In a statement, Republican SEC Commissioner Mike Piwowar, who for part of 2017 also served as Acting Chairman, said he was "recently informed for the first time that an intrusion occurred in 2016."

CYBER SLEUTHS NEEDED

Clayton will be grilled on the incident and its aftermath at a hearing by the Senate Banking Committee on Tuesday.

Banking Committee member Senator Mark Warner said in a statement he intends to ask about SEC thresholds for requiring companies to disclose breaches, and flagged the connection between the SEC's disclosure and its market oversight role.

"Government and businesses need to step up their efforts to protect our most sensitive personal and commercial information," Warner said.

Securities industry rules require companies disclose cyber breaches to investors and the SEC has investigated firms over whether they should have reported incidents sooner.

"There is an element of, 'Do as we say, not as we do' to this," said Matt Rossi, a former counsel in the SEC's enforcement division.

And the lack of details from the SEC about the breach will likely raise questions about what other EDGAR data may have been exposed, such as information related to ongoing financial investigations and sensitive personal information, Rossi said.

The disclosure followed public and non-public reports that detailed the SEC's cyber vulnerabilities as well as acknowledgement by the SEC itself of the scope of the risks posed by cyber attacks.

Former SEC chair Mary Jo White, in office when the hack occurred, told Reuters in 2016 that cyber security posed the biggest risk to the U.S. financial system.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security had detected five "critical" cyber security weaknesses on the SEC's computers as of Jan. 23, according to a confidential weekly report reviewed by Reuters on Thursday.

And in July, months after the breach was detected, a congressional watchdog warned that the SEC was "at unnecessary risk of compromise" because of deficiencies in its information systems.

The SEC shut down a specialised unit on cyber crimes as part of a 2010 reorganization.

The EDGAR system has sustained data breaches before.

In 2015 hackers broke into EDGAR and published false information about plans a financial firm had to purchase Avon Products , prompting stock of the beauty products company to briefly surge. Researchers found in 2014 that some users could see information posted to EDGAR before the public.

(Additional reporting by Jonathan Spicer in New York, Bryan Sims in Houston; Writing by Lisa Lambert and Meredith Mazzilli; Editing by Carmel Crimmins and Nick Zieminski)