 "Indian Rupee")
The rupee on Tursday fell to a record low of 68.87, pressured by a rallying US dollar, capital outflows from emerging markets, and worries about the country's demonetisation drive.
Despite repeated interventions by the central bank to slow the slide, the rupee breached its previous low of 68.85 a dollar hit in August 2013, when India was mired in its worst currency crisis in more than two decades.
The Reserve Bank of India intervened again in the afternoon, after spending around $500 million in the morning, eventually pushing the rupee to a close of 68.73, down from its 68.58 close on Wednesday.
A government spokesman attributed the rupee's falls to the recent slide in emerging market currencies, which has also seen the yuan hit 8-1/2 year lows.
The rupee has fallen around 3 percent this month, its biggest fall against the dollar since August 2015, though it has fared better than many other emerging market currencies since Donald Trump's shock win in the U.S. presidential election.
Analysts said they expected the rupee to remain under pressure, with a fall to as much as 70 in the near-term, depending on global conditions.
"This is a dollar strength story and we need to depreciate against developing markets to maintain the competitiveness of the exchange rate," said Ashish Vaidya, head of trading at DBS Bank in Mumbai, the financial capital.
"The RBI has not been protecting any particular level, but has been containing volatility."
In 2013, pressure on the current account triggered heavy rupee selling, but this time India is seen as being far better positioned to resist outflows from investors attracted by higher U.S. interest rates.
Expectations that President-elect Trump will pursue an expansionary fiscal policy that will drive inflation higher and lead to higher U.S. interest rates are behind rising U.S. yields that have attracted investors to the dollar.
Since the U.S. election on Nov. 8, foreign investors have sold a net $1.59 billion from equity markets and $2.02 billion in debt but remain heavy buyers in markets for the year.
Analysts say India's economic growth, stronger than other emerging countries, should lend the currency support. Foreign exchange reserves are also near a record and inflation is low.
Traders also described Thursday's reaction as largely muted as markets had anticipated the breaching of the record low, unlike 2013, when the speed of the tumble in the currency caught many off-guard.
"There is no crisis, but a currency re-evaluation of all emerging market currencies," said a trader at a financial firm.
Modi's gamble
There are worries, however, that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's shock move this month to ditch higher-denominated banknotes could dent growth. The move, announced on on November 8, the eve of the US election, has sparked widespread frustration among Indians struggling to get new notes, and is expected to hurt the consumer demand that powers the economy.
India is also still seeing outflows tied to the redemptions of dollar deposits, expected to total around $28 billion, that were raised from Indians living abroad to help pull the rupee out of its crisis three years ago.
The fall in the rupee could offer a test of leadership for RBI Governor Urjit Patel, who as deputy to predecessor Raghuram Rajan helped steer India out of the depths of the 2013 crisis through actions such as the deposit scheme.
Over the past several years, the RBI has steadily accumulated foreign exchange reserves, which hit a record high of $371.99 billion at the end of September.
The government has also taken strong action to keep its fiscal and current account deficits under control, including by keeping a lid on spending and curbing imports of gold.
"This appears to be a short-term trend of rupee weakness and long-term dynamics dictates a stable rupee, due to falling inflation, contracting interest rate and inflation differentials with major trading partners," financial firm Edelweiss said in a note.
