By Tatiana Voronova, Jack Stubbs and Katya Golubkova
MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia's central bank may have to sink up to $3.4 billion into its bailout on Friday of Promsvyazbank, the country's 10th largest private lender, the third such rescue this year.
The bailouts mark the biggest challenge to Russia's financial sector since a financial crisis 20 years ago and show how the country and its banks are grappling with the economic impact of lower oil prices and Western sanctions.
Promsvyazbank's (PSB) rescue follows the central bank bailout in August of Otkritie, once the country's largest private bank, and later B&N Bank.
The central bank has increased its estimate for the cost of the earlier bailouts to 820 billion roubles ($14 billion).
Vasily Pozdyshev, a deputy governor with the central bank, said on Friday that the bailout of PSB will require between 100 billion roubles and 200 billion roubles ($1.7-$3.4 billion), based on a preliminary estimate.
The central bank plans to honour all PSB obligations apart from subordinated debt, estimated at around 100 billion roubles, Pozdyshev said. He said writing that off could put the rescue amount closer to the lower range of the estimate.
The latest rescue followed late-night talks, when the central bank presented the troubled bank with an ultimatum: find 100 billion roubles of extra capital or be bailed out.
People with direct knowledge of the matter said Promsvyazbank's co-owner and chairman, Dmitry Ananyev, and central bank governor Elvira Nabiullina, agreed on a rescue at a late-night meeting.
Dmitry Ananyev and his brother, Alexei, who together control just over 50 percent of the bank, said the bank's serious difficulties had prompted them to ask for state support.
"Over a prolonged period of time the regulator was examining our assets, which resulted in a request for additional provisions and, as a result, the temporary administration was introduced," PSB said in a statement.
FINANCING THE OWNERS
Pozdyshev said PSB had a healthy business model before the global financial crisis of 2008 drove up non-performing loans.
The bank's owners shifted assets that were collateral for those loans to other parts of their empire. Those assets created a drag on the other parts of the owners' holding, so Promsvyazbank had to pour more money into them, Pozdyshev said.
"So from a market-focused bank it turned into a lender which financed its owners," Pozdyshev said. "The amount of loans issued to the owners exceeds the bank's capital."
Pozdyshev said the loans to PSB's owners exceed 150 billion roubles. The bank had set aside additional provisions worth 104 billion roubles this week, which knocked the capital down to 52 billion roubles. PSB needs to set aside another 150 billion roubles in provisions, Pozdyshev said.
Following the bailout, the Ananyevs have to reduce their holdings in Vozrozhdenie Bank to 10 percent as per central bank rules. Vozrozhdenie, which they also control, is the 36th biggest lender in Russia by assets.
There are just over 500 banks in Russia, half the number it had some years ago, as the central bank continues a clean-up supported by President Vladimir Putin.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Friday there was no target for the number of banks in Russia.
The central bank said it was providing funds to support Promsvyazbank's liquidity and would send in temporary administrators. However, it said there would be no moratorium on paying creditors and that the bank was operating as normal.
Lawmaker Anatoly Aksakov, a member of the Duma finance committee and head of the Russian Banking Association, said the bailout would not affect the wider sector and was the last such step to be taken this year.
CLEAN SLATE
Otkritie, Promsvyazbank and B&N Bank, which all had ties to the Kremlin, had won business lending to state energy firms and others needing to meet big overseas debt repayments as Western sanctions over the Ukraine conflict closed financial markets to state lenders such as Sberbank.
Russia's central bank is tightening requirements on lending to related parties and also demands stronger capital buffers, with the newest requirements in force from Jan 1.
The stricter rules make the business of so-called 'pocket banks' - creatures of the early capitalist years of Russia - less profitable.
The combined assets of the three banks taken over by the central bank would amount to 4 trillion roubles, the equivalent of Russia's fourth biggest, according to Reuters calculations.
Russia's top bank, Sberbank, has assets totalling 22 trillion roubles.
The central bank said Otkritie and B&N were too financially weak to continue.
Richard Segal, a corporate debt strategist at investor Manulife Asset Management, said he was not surprised by the bank's rescue because its capital had been running low.
One financial executive with knowledge of the rescue said the move cleared banking problems ahead of preparations for presidential elections.
"If not now ... you will have to postpone the decision for at least a month. Plus, better to do it before the campaign is in its height," said the person, who asked not to be named.
Putin announced his intention to run for another term last week and on Friday the upper house of the Russian parliament agreed on March 18 for of next year's election.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Budushchee, one of Russia's largest private pension funds, the Credit Bank of Moscow and non-state pension fund Safmar are among Promsvyazbank shareholders, data from end-November published on the bank's website showed.
($1 = 58.8383 roubles)
(Reporting by Maria Kiselyova, Tatiana Voronova, Jack Stubbs, Elena Fabrichnaya, Elena Orekhova and Sujata Rao-Coverley, writing by Katya Golubkova; Editing by John O'Donnell, Jane Merriman and Alexander Smith)
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