 "tax, Economic Survey, urban development")
With rapid urbanisation posing tremendous challenges in delivery of services, the Economic Survey on Tuesday suggested that municipalities should tap the potential of "property tax" to generate additional revenues at the city level.
The survey found through a study that Bengaluru and Jaipur are currently collecting no more than 5-20 per cent of their respective potential for property tax. It suggested that "satellite imagery" should be used for improving urban governance by facilitating better property tax compliance.
"Urbanisation will pose considerable challenges for municipalities over the coming decades. But these challenges can be - indeed, must be - overcome," the survey said.
Stating that urbanisation would define the trajectory of Indian development, the report said the exodus of rural population into cities over the coming decades would pose tremendous challenges for government, particularly the municipalities, who would be primarily responsible for providing the services that the new migrants and established residents need.
"Success in overcoming these challenges will be vital if the nation is to seize the opportunities that migration to the centres of economic activity can create," it added.
Noting that primary responsibility for the development of urban areas lies with states, municipal corporations, municipalities and nagar panchayats (urban local bodies or ULBs), the survey said: "These levels of government face major and inextricably linked problems -- poor governance capacities, large infrastructure deficits and inadequate finances."
"If better service delivery requires more resources, where can they be found? Perhaps the greatest immediate scope for revenue comes from the property tax," it added.
Pitching for empowering ULBs financially, the survey said that analysis showed that municipalities that have generated more resources have been able to deliver more basic services.
"The states should, therefore, empower cities to levy all feasible taxes. Municipalities also need to make the most of their existing tax bases," the report said.
"There is a need to adopt the latest satellite-based techniques to map urban properties. The government should leverage the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)/ National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) to assist ULBs in implementing GIS mapping of all properties in the area of a ULB.
"Property tax potential is large and can be tapped to generate additional revenue at the city-level," the Survey said.
Every Indian city faces serious challenges related to water and power supply, waste management, public transport, education, healthcare, safety, and pollution.
"Competition between states is becoming a powerful dynamic of change and progress, that dynamic must extend to competition between states and cities and between cities.
"Cities that are entrusted with responsibilities, empowered with resources and encumbered by accountability can become effective vehicles for competitive federalism and, indeed, competitive sub-federalism to be unleashed," the survey said.
