The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), a not-for-profit initiative by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, started with the well-intentioned objective of offering an open-source inclusive ecosystem for small and medium retailers who lack the wherewithal to engage with dominant app-based platforms such as Amazon, Flipkart, Swiggy, or Zomato. As a means of offering sellers and buyers a level playing field to Big Commerce, especially in small towns, the ONDC can be seen as a welcome expansion of the competitive landscape of e-commerce, which currently has just a 6 per cent penetration in India. If the